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Smartphones are risky to rely on in the backcountry. They have fragile screens and drain quickly in cold weather. Dedicated GPS units offer the rugged armor and long runtime needed for critical backcountry navigation.
The Garmin GPSMAP 67 is the best model we tested. It scored the best for navigation and scored well across every other metric.
If you have a smaller budget, consider the Garmin eTrex 32x, which costs about half as much and offers enough performance and features for most people.
Want to combine satellite messaging with navigation? Check out the Garmin inReach Mini 2.
We took 5 of the best handheld GPS units and navigated through whiteouts, desert washes, fog-covered forests, and high mountain passes from Alaska to the Four Corners.
Editor's Note: We updated our handheld GPS review on April 24, 2025, to share more info from our test team about their experiences using these products.
Quick Picks
Here's a quick list of our favorite Handheld GPS recommendations.
Wireless notifications and data sharing between devices
Includes topo maps and Bird's Eye Imagery (without a subscription)
CONS
Expensive
Bulkier and heavier than most
Advanced features hide behind complex menus
The Garmin GPSMAP 67 is top of its class for accuracy and reliability, earning it our top honors. It boasts a powerful quad-helix antenna and reliably connects to more satellite networks with greater accuracy than most other models. The lithium battery is also a major improvement in this modern design, offering roughly 160+ hours in default mode and upwards of 800 hours in battery-saving expedition mode. Our lead tester reported, “Thanks to its multi-band technology, I found this unit maintained satellite connection even in less-than-ideal locations, like below dense forests and tree canopies or a tight slot canyon.” When in the range of cell service, this unit can pair with your smartphone to overlay real-time weather data on your maps. Its 16GB of internal memory is more than double what most other units offer, and it comes preloaded with topo maps for the US and Canada and subscription-free access to Garmin's Bird's Eye Imagery (a program that offers more detailed, high-resolution satellite imagery).
SPECIFICATIONS
Measured Weight With Battery
8.1 oz
Battery Life - GPS Mode
180 hrs
User Interface
Buttons
InReach Messaging Service Available
Optional (subscription required)
Preloaded Maps
Garmin TopoActive U.S., Mexico, and Canada
All of these great features come at a high price. However, we think the Garmin GPSMAP 67 is worth the investment if you plan expeditionary trips or need high accuracy for field research. This unit might be a tad overkill, though, for casual recreation. Additional features, such as wirelessly linking to your phone, require a cumbersome setup process, and navigating the many features within the main menu definitely requires some trial and error. While it lacks a built-in touchscreen, we appreciate the sizable buttons and intuitive layout. If a touchscreen is on your list of demands and you don't mind a little extra weight and bulk, consider the Garmin Montana 700 for a more modern user interface. Or, if you're simply looking for something basic with long-lasting battery life, the Garmin eTrex SE might be the perfect companion to use alongside your smartphone. The Garmin GPSMAP 67 is a powerful, feature-rich GPS device with long battery life that's also easy to use, even in the most extreme cold-weather field conditions.
The GPSMAP 67 is a feature-rich and rugged GPS unit that supplies lasting battery life while remaining relatively lightweight. Credit: Trish Matheny
Includes a barometric altimeter and electronic compass
Compact and lightweight
CONS
Small screen
Lack of connectivity
Tedious user interface
If you're in the market for a straightforward GPS unit that sacrifices little regarding pure navigation performance, the Garmin eTrex 32x is an outstanding option. Our lead reviewer reported, “I found this unit performs well beyond its weight class compared to the more advanced models.” An incredible value that does not skimp in reception and processing speed, this handheld GPS comes preloaded with Garmin's TopoActive basemap (that provides a variety of features including urban and wilderness trails, contour lines, points of interest, etc.) that supplies adequate data for those who don't want to mess with the process of searching for and uploading individual maps. The software will be loaded based on where you buy the device, so if you purchase your handheld in California, it will come preloaded with maps for North America (including the US, Canada, Mexico, etc. Its impressive navigational accuracy is the result of linking multiple networks, including GPS and GLONASS, to pull information from numerous satellites to identify your specific location, a tracking feature that is then improved with the addition of a barometric altimeter and a 3-axis digital compass. Yet, these enhanced capabilities somehow don't affect the eTrex 32x's size and weight. As small and lightweight as other units in the eTrex line, this compact GPS can easily be stowed in a pack or tossed into a pocket for a day hike.
SPECIFICATIONS
Measured Weight With Battery
5.6 oz
Battery Life - GPS Mode
25 hrs
User Interface
Buttons
InReach Messaging Service Available
No
Preloaded Maps
Garmin TopoActive, Routable (OpenStreetMap - regional based on point of purchase)
While impressive, the eTrex 32x has some limitations. Despite its routable navigation, the fairly tiny screen isn't practical for navigating a new city by car or even for daily driving. It is also still very much a base-level GPS unit. Although it supports Garmin's BirdsEye Satellite Imagery, it doesn't offer the same level of connectivity offered by more advanced models. For instance, the device connects only via ANT+ rather than Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, and you can't link it to integrated apps such as Garmin Connect and Garmin Messenger. Likewise, many user groups accustomed to modern interfaces will find the joystick and T9-style keyboards cumbersome or even tedious compared with the normalized convenience of a touchscreen. Again, if you're not interested in stepping back in time, check out the Garmin Montana 700. Although it is much larger and heavier than the eTrex 32x, it offers the only modern touchscreen we tested, along with a feature-rich design that's perfect for navigation. That said, as a plug-and-play option for simple navigation or a durable, compact, capable GPS for expeditions, the eTrex 32x offers advanced features and capabilities at a more affordable price.
Although the joystick design taking a little getting used to, the main menu of the eTrex 32x offers a ton of feature within a lightweight and more affordable design. Credit: Trish Matheny
User-friendly and intuitive design can be operated in cold weather
CONS
Expensive
Monthly subscription required to activate satellite messaging
Micro-size display screen
The Garmin inReach Mini 2 is a perfect companion for those who want to stay connected while exploring the backcountry. Whether you need an updated weather report, want to provide peace of mind to your loved ones, or need to record an accurate track to trace your route, this tiny unit weighs just 3.5 ounces and measures only 7.8 cubic inches, so it easily stows away inside your pocket or latches onto your backpack shoulder strap (thanks to a Garmin-specific carabiner included with your purchase). “The amount of features packed into this tiny device really amazed me,” remarked one tester. For comparison, the top-performing Garmin GPSMAP 67 weighs more than double the Mini 2 and is 2.5 inches longer, while the Garmin Montana 700 is a whopping 3.5 times heavier and yet another full inch larger in each direction. The Mini 2 relies on smart design choices and powerful Garmin Apps to deliver enhanced capabilities — Messenger for texting and Explore for robust mapping tools — while still living up to its diminutive name. The Mini 2's battery life stands out as impressive, with up to 336 hours, or 14 days, of use in default mode and up to 720 hours in expedition mode (depending on its exact configuration). It also has an SOS feature that alerts Search and Rescue teams to your exact location (thanks to satellite options from both Galileo and QZSS) if you have an emergency beyond cell phone range, and its digital GPS compass provides reliable navigation in the field. Our lead tester commented, “I appreciate the intuitive button design. I was able to use the device while wearing gloves in cold weather.”
SPECIFICATIONS
Measured Weight With Battery
3.5 oz
Battery Life - GPS Mode
336 hrs
User Interface
Buttons
InReach Messaging Service Available
Included (subscription required)
Preloaded Maps
Standard US Roadways (major cities and highways)
If you want peace of mind in the backcountry without the additional weight and bulk of a feature-rich GPS device, this is the ideal unit. That said, users must consider some limitations and concerns. First, the screen is tiny, at just over an inch in size, making it challenging for some users to view the information, particularly when paired with its monochrome display. Larger transflective color screens like that on the GPSMAP 67 or the Montana 700 touchscreen will undoubtedly be easier on the eyes. Also, you need an ongoing monthly subscription to use text and notification services via the Garmin Messenger app. These costs add up over time, which matters when comparing prices. Also, our tests showed setting up this device to connect with external apps comes with quite the learning curve. Still, this smartphone App integration provides a demonstrably better user interface than using the device on its own, particularly when typing and sending important text messages. So, the upfront hassle is worth it to dial in your device before your next adventure. All in all, the Mini 2 is an excellent choice for anyone seeking a pocketable backcountry communication and navigation tool. It can provide accurate tracking and navigation, let you easily check in with loved ones or fire off an SOS signal, mark waypoints, and more. But, for those who carry a smartphone anyway and have no problem dropping communication when outside of regular cell service areas, a simple handheld GPS like the Garmin eTrex SE could be the perfect navigational companion. The SE is also reasonably compact at just 5.5 ounces and features a battery that can last up to 1800 hours in expedition mode, plus a larger 2-inch+ display for easier readability in the field. It also sells for a fraction of the cost of every other product we tested - less than half that of the Mini 2. When backcountry Messenger services are not a top priority, the eTrex SE is a worthy option to consider.
The Garmin inReach Mini 2 is one of the most compact and lightweight GPS units that we tested. With a monthly subscription, it offers satellite communication for those who want to stay connected while exploring the backcountry. Credit: Gus Landefeld
Optional InReach Messaging Service Now Available
Several of Garmin's handheld GPS devices can now be purchased with InReach text and emergency SOS Messaging capabilities at a higher price. If you prefer the look and functionality of large, more feature-heavy models but backcountry communication is still important to you, be sure to take a look at devices that feature an “i” in their name, such as two of our award winners, the Garmin GPSMAP 67i or Garmin Montana 700i. Just keep in mind you will still have to set up and pay for the monthly subscription in order to take advantage of the service.
Product Comparison Table
Off the grid locations like Ostrander Lake in Yosemite National Park were the perfect testing grounds for these GPS devices. Credit: Trish Matheny
How We Tested
Our lead testers — plus scores of friends and partners — tested these GPS units in real-world situations. From mountaineering in Alaska to ski touring in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado and winding through the canyon country of the Southwest, our testers used these GPS units in whiteouts, in slot canyons, and while temporarily stranded by flash floods during unexpected storms. They have channeled what they've learned through their combined real-world adventures into insights to help you choose the best device for your needs. Our rigorous assessment combined extensive hands-on time in the field with more objective testing back home, during which we evaluated everything from reception accuracy to each device's memory capacity, size, and weight. We compiled research, closely examined feature sets and ease of use, and noted when and how some devices shone where others fell short. We utilized the expertise of our science-minded, adventure-obsessed testing crew to provide the most accurate, objective reviews available on the internet.
Why Trust GearLab
For the past 14 years, we've tested over 25 top handheld GPS units side by side. To test these devices, we assembled an all-star crew of outdoor adventurers. Our lead testers include Chris McNamara, the founder of OutdoorGearLab, who at one point was calculated to have spent 3% of his life on El Capitan in Yosemite; Amber King, who can equally be found teaching science to her students in Colorado or covering long distances in her backyard, by bike, raft, or on foot; Ethan Newman, a climbing and canyoneering guide in Southwest Utah; and Aaron Rice, a ski patroller, avalanche instructor, and wilderness guide in New Mexico. Last but not least is Trish Matheny, a current member of the Yosemite Search and Rescue Team who uses GPS devices recreationally and professionally to communicate with friends during extended backcountry objectives or to locate missing persons in the intricate wilderness surrounding Yosemite National Park.
Our testers evaluated everything from battery life to navigation features and accuracy to overall portability to determine the best application for each handheld device.
Analysis and Test Results
We tested these handheld GPS devices over the years—climbing, hiking, skiing, mountaineering, canyoneering, kayaking, mountain biking, mapping plant populations, and more. We marked and navigated to waypoints, compared map-drawing speed, and tested each unit's compass against a trusty old magnetic standby. We logged hundreds of miles on foot in California, Wyoming, Colorado, Washington, Utah, New Mexico, and Alaska. More than a dozen people — who range from GPS experts to complete novices — used these units to provide diverse feedback and bring you a review of some of the best handheld GPS units on the market.
Off the grid backcountry in the Wind River Range was the perfect testing ground when considering battery life, navigation performance, ease of use, portability, and versatility. Credit: Trish Matheny
What's the Best Value?
GPS stands for Global Positioning System. Often, it refers to devices—in this case, handheld—that can track and store timing and positional data. Though it may seem counterintuitive, they're often intended to be used with a traditional map and compass. They are designed to resist water, shock, thermal stress, and any other harsh conditions you'd typically run into out in the wilderness. High-performing devices come with extras like cameras, topo maps, better antennas, more memory, altimeters, barometers, internal electronic compasses, and most importantly, an extended battery life. Baseline models are often lightweight, compact, and offer a great, easy-to-use interface. Before buying your next handheld GPS, consider whether you actually need one, what you intend to use it for, and how much you're willing to spend. Consider your specific needs before buying, as these units often carry a hefty price tag.
Worse Value
Better Value
The price of a handheld GPS tends to tie directly to its performance, features, and storage capacity. Options like the Garmin GPSMAP 67 and Montana 700 have almost every feature you could need, with substantial memory and storage; however, both models sit near the top of the price spectrum. Alternatively, the most affordable entry-level model we tested, the Garmin eTrex SE, offers a modern screen and a solid user interface. However, it can't download and store maps.
Although not the best in terms of a feature rich design, the eTrex SE is a great option for those seeking a more modern, entry level device, that easily pairs with a smartphone and boasts a substantial battery life. Credit: Trish Matheny
No GPS unit can substitute for basic orienteering skills, situational awareness, and common sense. They tell you where you are and where you've gone. In the unlikely event you need to call for help, devices like the inReach Mini 2 offer an SOS feature that sends a signal with your precise location so local Search and Rescue members can assist in an emergency. ImportantNote that you can access this potentially life-saving SOS feature only by paying a Garmin monthly subscription. Furthermore, while we did not test any other options with the SOS feature and two-way satellite communication, they are available for an increased price range. For example, if you like the sounds of the GPSMAP 67 but want the added features of inReach technology, check out the GPSMAP 67i, which offers the same rugged design plus all the features, including inReach satellite technology. The inReach satellite technology is also available with other models in this review, just look for the “i” at the end of the device name. Another option to consider is a top-rated satellite communicator.
Navigation Performance
Most modern GPS units are incredibly accurate and can pinpoint a device's location to within 10 meters. According to Garmin, units that use the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) can be accurate within 3 meters or less. All the devices we tested use WAAS. For even more accuracy, you can buy a differential beacon receiver and antenna to use distance-correcting Differential GPS (DGPS). For comparison, modern smartphones offer GPS accuracy of around 4.9 meters, according to GPS.gov.
Tall buildings, canyons, and trees can interrupt satellite signals, slowing them down and reducing your device's accuracy. Clouds and weather, however, shouldn't affect reception. To get the best satellite signal, carry your device outside your pack or in a light waterproof layer.
Clipping the GPS device to the exterior of your pack allows for better connection and easy access to monitor progress, mark waypoints, etc. Credit: Trish Matheny
GPS units communicate with satellites orbiting Earth that read and triangulate signals sent from the unit. The Department of Defense manages the GPS network in the United States, a series of 33+ satellites that transmit both positional and timing data. When a GPS unit contacts at least four satellites, it can pinpoint your position accurately, although terrain and conditions can certainly affect this feature. Some of the units we tested can also interface with other countries' satellites, including the 26 satellites of the Russian GLONASS system or 26 more from the European Union's Galileo network. The more satellites, the faster and more accurately you can identify your position. All handhelds use the WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) to increase accuracy. Satellites send signals to WAAS master stations on the ground. These messages are relayed to compatible receivers (like GPS units) to provide a much more accurate location estimate. GPS units that use GLONASS, GPS, Galileo, and WAAS will offer the best reception.
Although a more affordable option, the eTrex SE, gathers information and positioning from GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou and QZSS satellites that allows the device to supply more accuracy and efficiency while tracking through off the grid, mountainous locations. Credit: Trish Matheny
Our testers found that the highest-performing—but unfortunately also often the most expensive—models tend to achieve the best satellite reception. Units like the GPSMAP 67 include a quad-helix antenna, which is quite sensitive even beneath dense coverage. The GPSMAP 67 was the fastest and most accurate unit we tested, as it is the only unit that could access all three satellite networks and improve its signal with WAAS. Although the Montana 700 was nearly as fast as the GPSMAP 67, even basic units like the eTrex SE impressed us with how quickly they locked onto a signal after powering on.
Utilizing the greatest number of satellites (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, IRNSS, and QZSS), ensure the accuracy of the GPSMAP 67. Credit: Trish Matheny
Electronic compasses — as opposed to a mechanical, differential compass — also improve accuracy when on the move and are included in expensive units like the Montana 700, but surprisingly in more affordable units like the eTrex 32x and inReach Mini 2. Even without these additions, however, all of the Garmin units we tested provided quality reception. All the units we tested (except the inReach Mini 2) carry receivers that accept both GPS and GLONASS satellites, so even lower-priced models—like the eTrex SE—offer nearly top-notch reception and accuracy in almost every situation. The inReach Mini 2 utilizes the Galileo and QZSS satellite systems.
Each unit that we tested for this review features an electronic compass. Credit: Trish Matheny
Battery Life
GPS devices typically boast much longer battery life than smartphones. You can run most basic backcountry navigation with an online mapping app and charge your smartphone through an external battery brick. Those who want to take their missions one step further will appreciate the extended battery life (along with the more rugged, water-resistant design) available in these handheld units. For this metric, we tested each unit against its manufacturer claims and noted battery-saving tips and tricks to get the most out of your device.
Of the devices that charge via USB cable, these devices required anywhere from 2-3 hours to fully charge from a dead battery, while other devices, like the eTrex series, simply require that you place 2 AA batteries into the unit before it is ready to go. Most of the devices we tested aligned with the manufacturer's advertised battery-life claims. Most manufacturers advertise both default GPS and expedition mode. Standard GPS mode doesn't include tracking, since that is the easiest way to drain your battery in the field. We like to think of expedition mode as a beefier version of “low power” mode on your smartphone, which dims the screen and limits features so as to better preserve battery life. Perhaps the most impressive for overall battery life is the eTrex SE, which boasts 168 hours in basic GPS mode and up to 1,800 hours in expedition mode. We must admit these numbers can vary based on your specific use and configuration, as well as the batteries you choose to stock it with.
The eTrex SE has phenomenal battery life, minimally impacted after three hours of tracking, Credit: Trish Matheny
Other devices that boast impressive battery life are the GPSMAP 67 with 180 hours in GPS Mode and up 840 hours in expedition mode. When testing these manufacturer claims, we achieved about 7 days of battery life in GPS mode without tracking and roughly 30 days in expedition mode. To be fair, these measurements were taken at 9,000 feet at the cusp of fall; the GPSMAP 67 was exposed to cold nights (20°F) at an elevation of about 8,500 feet in Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park.
Some devices, like the GPSMAP 67, make it easy to select “expedition mode” for additional battery savings. Credit: Trish Matheny
The inReach Mini 2 was another impressive device with an extended battery life. Our testing team achieved roughly 650 hours of battery use in open sky while sending messages and tracking very minimally. The device didn't perform as well in tree canopies, as it drained the battery while constantly searching for a satellite signal. While tracking an ascent of the 13,726-foot Bear Creek Spire in the High Sierras, our team utilized about 19% of the battery life to record our progress car to car. Afterwards, we turned off the device, and it held onto that remaining 81% for 6 weeks inside our tent cabin, exposed to colder temperatures.
The Garmin inReach Mini 2 used about 10% of the fully charge battery while tracking from trailhead to summit for a total of 4 hours. Tracking is one of the fastest ways to drain a fully charged GPS unit. Credit: Gus Landefeld
All the devices we tested offer various battery-saving modes and features to preserve the overall life of your unit's battery. Of these tips and tricks, setting the device to expedition mode is the easiest. It limits the number of tracks recorded and automatically disables Bluetooth, etc. The only device without expedition mode is the eTrex 32x. The most helpful battery savings techniques that we found outside of expedition mode included, dimming the screen, simply turning off unless messaging, using in open canopy versus a densely treed forest or tight slot canyon, utilize the lock button feature, turning off Bluetooth or wireless connectivity manually, and limiting the number of satellites that you are accessing for a more accurate and precise location.
Although the eTrex 32x is the only unit that we tested that doesn't offer an “expedition mode,” there are multiple ways to preserve the battery life. Credit: Trish Matheny
Ease of Use
When our testers considered overall ease of use, we started with the user interface, whether or not the setup was intuitive, how quickly the devices could connect and download maps from other sources, as well as many, many more details. It's important to think about where you will be going with your device and what it'll need to do for you. The map available to your device for tracking your movements is critically important, as is the display screen you'll use to view this information. These maps determine the quality of the navigation assistance you receive and make it easier for emergency services to reach you in the event of an emergency in the field.
Some GPS units come with a rudimentary base map that shows primary cities, roads, and landmarks within the region of purchase (in our case, the U.S.), but little else. Of all the devices we tested, only the relatively inexpensive eTrex SE, which sells for half the cost of the next lowest-priced product in the lineup, the eTrex 32x, falls into this category. Its entry-level design lacks the more advanced preloaded TopoActive maps you find in upgraded models such as the GPSMAP 67 or Montana 700, and doesn't even offer the option to purchase such maps via a subscription like Garmin Explore. This limitation could deter some shoppers and be a reason to spend a bit more to get exactly what you need.
Many higher-priced models come out of the box with preloaded maps like Garmin TopoActive, and you can easily purchase and upload maps once you have the device. Some devices also let you download maps and satellite imagery online for free, download selections to your personal computer, then transfer those maps directly to your GPS device for use. The Montana 700 and GPSMAP 67 models make this easy, and websites like the United States Geological Survey offer a wealth of free spatial data. Similarly, most states in the US also have to distribute spatial data at no cost. If you want the best maps, often for free, we recommend exploring the range of data and mapping options available online. If you want more convenient, straightforward map access to save on time, you can get them for around a hundred bucks from your GPS manufacturer.
Satellite imagery quality matters for handheld GPS devices because clear, detailed images provide an accurate location faster. The US National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) shoots high-quality, free satellite imagery (aerial photos stitched together) for the entire continental United States. You can also buy satellite imagery. Often this is unnecessary because you can plan your routes in Google Earth and then send files to your mapping software and device. Satellite imagery is hard to see on most GPS units and is rarely necessary for the backcountry. GPS units like the GPSMAP 67come with a free subscription to Garmin's Birdseye satellite imagery database, which you can download on WiFi. The inReach mini 2 and the eTrex SE do not have access to this option.
Not everyone knows where their adventures will take them when they leave home, so for some, having a device that can download a host of maps and trace movement using waypoints along the way can be a critical feature to keep an eye out for. Credit: Steve Mace
You can also access maps through a Garmin Explore app subscription. This free application offers software to organize, analyze, and display waypoints (locations you can save and access later for navigation and/or reference). You can download the Garmin Explore app to your home laptop or smartphone before syncing it to your GPS device, so you can use the features at home or in the field. It also records the tracks you collect with your GPS. It's a simple and intuitive cross-platform app that provides everything a basic GPS user needs. For example, you can easily see waypoints or tracks on your smartphone or computer screen via Google Earth. We recommend viewing your proposed route on your computer before entering the backcountry, rather than trying to access the information for the first time on a small screen. On really basic models like the eTrex SE, an additional app like Garmin Explore is essential because the device lacks preloaded maps and upload capability; without it, the GPS unit would be rendered somewhat useless. It can track waypoints, but only at a very basic level.
Each device we tested can track waypoints with or without the Garmin Explore app. You can mark a waypoint at your current location or by entering coordinates, then use the GPS device to navigate toward it. Devices like the eTrex SE are non-mapping devices that work with the Garmin Explore app, which groups marked waypoints, geocaches, activities, etc., into a data collection that syncs between the unit and the app for field navigation.
The “saved tracks” represent a collection of tracks that connect in order to record your route, while points per track indicate the number of location markers or points per track that essentially create your track. As you can see, devices like the Montana 700 and GPSMAP 67 offer the most tracks and points per track, while devices like the inReach Mini 2 offer the least.
The NAIP offers shoots high-quality satellite imagery for the entire continental United States that doesn't require a subscription for access. Credit: Trish Matheny
Another important facet to consider when purchasing your next GPS device is the display screen, which can be a key factor for ease of use and can run the gamut from micro-sized at less than an inch squared (InReach Mini 2), to smartphone size at nearly four-and-a-half inches by two-and-a-half (Montana 700). Are you after a compact version like the 5.6-ounce eTrex 32x with a screen under two inches squared, or are you willing to haul extra weight for perks like the 14-ounce Montana 700, with its larger, easy-to-use, modern touchscreen design? Is a big GPS screen more important because you want to see information at a glance while driving? Or are you willing to squint for a more portable unit? Since all the units in this review are handheld, none are huge—but screen size and display quality still vary.
For example, the Montana 700, with a 5-inch diagonal screen, offers the largest screen and the highest quality resolution (480 x 800 pixels). Its smartphone-like touchscreen makes navigation easy, particularly in a vehicle. Touchscreens also respond faster than button units. The GPSMAP 67 has the next-largest screen in our lineup at 3 inches diagonal, nearly half the size and more than adequate in resolution (240 x 400 pixels) for a handheld unit. However, it is much more cumbersome to operate by hand because it uses small button controls instead of a touchscreen. This interface feels like stepping back in time, reminiscent of cell phones in the early aughts, and it is particularly challenging for anyone accustomed to modern touchscreen and zooming technology. Of the smaller, more basic options we tested, the eTrex 32x features a color screen, although the monochrome displays of the inReach Mini 2 and eTrex SE feel more modern and user-friendly.
The Montana 700 is the only device that we tested that features a modern touch screen with the ability to zoom in a similar manner to a modern smartphone. Credit: Trish Matheny
The GPSMAP 67 has a 3.75 square-inch screen—nearly half the size—but more than adequate in resolution (240 x 400 pixels) for a handheld unit. However, it uses buttons instead of a touchscreen, and that interface feels like stepping back in time, especially for those accustomed to modern touchscreens and zooming. Of the smaller, more basic options we tested, the eTrex 32x features a color screen, although the monochrome displays of the inReach Mini and eTrex SE feel almost more modern and user-friendly.
As much as we appreciate the user-friendly nature of a touchscreen, it's important to note the downsides: the feature drains battery life much faster than alternatives, can freeze in cold climates, and isn't the most compatible with thick gloves. And, in most cases, touchscreen GPS units aren't nearly as advanced in their design and function as smartphones. For example, the Montana 700's battery can offer only 18 hours of life in standard GPS mode, compared with the 180 hours you might get with the GPSMAP 67 or up to 336 hours with the InReach Mini 2 (depending on the configuration and use). In Expedition Mode, you can expect to enjoy even more - button models will deliver up to double or even triple the number of hours available with the touchscreen Montana 700. Super-basic button devices like the eTrex SE can deliver up to 1800 hours on a single charge in Expedition Mode. So, it really comes down to personal needs and preferences when weighing these trade-offs.
The inReach Mini 2 and eTrex 32x feature smaller screens, the Mini screen is monochrome and the 32x is a color screen, however, both feel like stepping back in time when compared to modern smartphone technology. Credit: Trish Matheny
Portability
We tested handheld GPS units. These units can mark waypoints, track your route, take notes, geocache, pull altitude profiles, and much more. Some are even small enough to wear around your neck, stash in your pants pocket or on top of your backpack, or clip to your backpack's shoulder or waist strap. For off-the-grid navigation, handheld devices are becoming increasingly popular among backcountry enthusiasts, especially because they are so compact, lightweight, and portable. Often, the most basic devices offer the lightest design; however, the more features you add to a portable GPS unit, the larger and heavier it becomes. This is a simple, objective testing metric: our team weighed and measured each device before recording each display screen's measurements.
Not all units are created equal when it comes to overall portability, so it is important to consider whether you'll carry your GPS in your pocket or plan to stash it in a backpack. The Montana 700 is by far the largest and heaviest unit in our review. The 700 weighs in at 14 ounces and measures 7 1/2 x 3 1/4 inches, about the same length as our iPhone 15, just double the width. Devices like the eTrex line fall at the other end of the spectrum—both the eTrex SE and more capable eTrex 32x are small enough to fit in a pant pocket.
The Montana 700 is about the same length as a modern smartphone, however, it is double the weight and overall width. Credit: Trish Matheny
If you're after the smallest and lightest GPS unit that we tested for this review, check out the inReach Mini 2. This small unit weighs only 3.5 ounces; however, the trade-off is the smallest display screen, measuring roughly 1 x 1 inches. While this device is perfect for tracking activities, checking in with loved ones out of service, or deploying the SOS function in an emergency, it falls short compared to other feature-rich designs we tested for this review. Because of its compact size and lightweight design, our lead tester had no trouble tossing it into her running pack while logging 50+ backcountry miles in a single day. Though we considered every item of nutrition, hydration, and emergency layering to limit weight, the Mini 2 still required very little space inside the small pack. The SOS feature and satellite communication provided peace of mind for our tester and for her emergency contacts, ensuring she completed the solo ultra-marathon through the High Sierras.
3.5 ounces is nothing when you consider the peace of mind provided by the Garmin inReach Mini 2. Credit: Trish Matheny
For comparison, there are also a variety of GPS Watches that can log backcountry travel information. Trail runners, mountain guides, hikers, and backpackers are popular users. They are a great alternative to handheld units if you want to go light, but they have much shorter battery life and a significantly smaller display. They may not offer the same capabilities as the handheld units featured here.
GPS watches are another great consideration for those looking to save weight while navigating the backcountry. Credit: Matthew Richardson
Sensors & Connectivity
Most units we reviewed are astonishingly versatile, with functions well beyond navigation, from flashlight to calculator to texting. For this metric, we considered compatible apps, how well they functioned in and out of service, the best application for the various features, whether the device was waterproof, whether it could be operated with gloves on during inclement weather, and the storage available within each unit. Most GPS units can be operated with gloves on during cold-weather pursuits such as backcountry skiing, thanks to push buttons and a somewhat dated user interface similar to an analog phone. The only exception here is the Montana 700, which supplies the most modern interface with touchscreen technology. We won't dive into every function available on each device we tested. Instead, wewill cover a few of the most important ones to help guide you.
Waypoints
You don't need that many waypoints to get you through most backcountry trips, even if it's a pretty extended adventure. Even 500 waypoints is likely more than most people would need at any given time. These waypoints are also easy to save to your computer and delete once you're back home. If you plan to compile waypoints documented across multiple trips, conduct detailed science surveys, or embark on a mapping mission, aim high. The waypoints available on the units that we tested ranged from 1,000 to 10,000. The Montana 700 and GPSMAP 67 offer 10,000 waypoints each, while more affordable units like the eTrex SE supply only 1,000. For many of these units, you can also boost your memory with a microSD card. That said, the inReach Mini 2 and the eTrex SE aren't compatible with a microSD card, and the SE has very limited internal memory at just 28MB. The SE works best with apps like Garmin Explore.
Marking a waypoint is a great way to remember that special campsite you found in the backcountry. Credit: Trish Matheny
Geocaching
Geocaching is a relatively new outdoor activity that uses a GPS unit or GPS software for a scavenger hunt, looking for hidden treasures all over the world. Most GPS units are set up for this somehow, and some of the ones we tested have preloaded geocaches so you can unpack and play. All the units we tested are set up for geocaching, except the inReach Mini 2. A huge draw for the geocaching crowd is that a modern GPS unit—with a text display—lets them go paperless. For those seeking an entry-level option that lets them access this worldwide phenomenon, the Garmin eTrex SE is a solid choice, thanks to its accuracy and battery life, and it's available at a more affordable price.
The eTrex SE is the perfect companion for those seeking an entry level device to begin a geocaching adventure. Simply register your device and you're good to go. Credit: Trish Matheny
Electronic vs. Differential Compass
The cut-off point between basic units and more sophisticated ones is usually an electronic compass. This allows a unit to display your heading while held in place. In contrast, a differential compass needs you to be moving to work properly. For some, this is a big advantage—say, during a whiteout next to a cliff edge. Many mountain guides prefer an electronic compass because it makes navigating faster and easier. All the handheld GPS devices we tested for this review include an electronic compass.
The speed and accuracy of an electronic compass is much preferred, each unit tested for this review offers an electronic compass feature. Credit: Trish Matheny
Barometric Altimeter
Another feature that separates high-performing devices from base models is a barometric altimeter, which uses a small sensor to detect air pressure and calculate altitude instead of relying on positional data alone. Barometric altimeters also let you track weather patterns and trends, which can be useful in the mountains when knowing about an incoming storm is crucial.
The eTrex 32x's barometric altimeter comes in handy when accurately assessing large changes in topography. Credit: Jill Rice
Wireless Capability and Smart Notifications
High-performing GPS devices canshare wirelessly—these devices come equipped with Wifi, Bluetooth, and ANT+ technology. A compatible receiver can quickly send track and waypoint files to another device wirelessly. One member of our testing team noted that this feature is especially helpful if you have another group that is about to embark on the same route you just completed. Before the second group departs, you can sync the devices and share your route in minutes. We highly recommend investing in a device with wireless capability and smart notifications for user groups that intend to share track information with others in the field.
Another great feature is smart notifications. You can sync your smartphone to your GPS and receive text messages or social media updates on the unit. High-end units like the GPSMAP 67 offer this level of technicality, but it takes time and know-how to set up. This may be an option if you don't want to take your phone out of the backpack while staying connected. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ANT+ have become commonplace in most GPS devices available today. ANT+ is a protocol that allows devices to wirelessly transmit data from one device to another. This is a good option for transferring field data to another device with more storage, or for outdoor enthusiasts who want to transfer fitness metrics such as weight scales, pedometers, heart rate, etc. Of the devices we tested, each is ANT+ compatible except the eTrex SE, which is only compatible with Bluetooth. The Montana 700 and the GPSMAP 67 are the only units that are compatible with all three wireless options. The inReach Mini 2 offers Bluetooth and ANT+, while the eTrex 32x has ANT+.
The GPSMAP 67 and Montana 700 are the only devices (that we tested) that are compatible with bluetooth, wifi, and ANT+. Credit: Trish Matheny
The Garmin Explore app is a great companion for most of the devices that we tested for this review. All devices except the eTrex 32x can be used alongside the Garmin Explore app, which offers a detailed topographic map on your smartphone that lets you map, track, and share your data while off the grid. You can download the app for free, but some options require a subscription. The Garmin Connect app is also free to use and doesn't require a monthly subscription. Garmin Connect is a fitness-focused app that lets users track workouts, health stats, and activities; sync data with other apps; and display data to encourage friends. The Montana 700 and GPSMAP 67 are compatible with the Garmin Connect app.
The Garmin Explore App is free to download and makes a great companion for your GPS device, especially if the screen is small and the interface is less modern than current smart phone technology. Credit: Trish Matheny
How to Choose Your Next Handheld GPS Device
Activity
So, who needs a handheld GPS? Those who love to hike off the main trail, serial bushwhackers, backcountry skiers, and climbers who often descend on unfamiliar, poorly marked trails. Adventurers of this breed will benefit most from a GPS, which can pinpoint their exact location, help them reorient on a map, and guide them home. A GPS is also helpful in bad weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, or fog) or when hiking on a dark, cloudy, or moonless night. It's also useful when traveling over snow-covered terrain when the ordinary trail is buried, and the tracks of those who came before you may be unreliable (they might be just as lost as you—believe us, we've been there). Furthermore, if you're considering a handheld device with a modern touch screen that is better suited for negotiating backcountry two tracks in an ATV or an extended boating excursion off the coast, the overall portability isn't as much a consideration as the battery life when placed in expedition mode or the quality of the preloaded and downloaded maps. Whether you're pursuing extreme mountain or ocean sports, navigating your favorite two-track, or tracking your next elk hunt, consider your specific needs based on your chosen activity to match your GPS device's technology with your preferences.
Backcountry skiers, serial peak baggers, and rock climbers often explore areas outside of cell reception and can benefit from the satellite accuracy and navigation to keep them on track, even help them to record it. Credit: Michael O'Connor
GPS Device vs. Smartphone
What about the GPS on my smartphone? Your smartphone's reception may not be as reliable when navigating deep in the backcountry. Smartphones rely on the combination of a cheap GPS device and triangulation between cell towers (and even WiFi) to dial in your location. Yet, many of the best hikes are in the mountains, deserts, or pristine backcountry areas with no reliable cell support, so your smartphone's GPS sensors might not cut the mustard.
Still, when they do work, smartphone apps like Gaia, Avenza, or Topo Maps are great and can quickly identify your location on established trails before you resume map navigation. Smartphone GPS works best where a cell signal is available, but it may become unreliable in the backcountry. Don't forget to download maps before leaving cell or WiFi signals behind. A touchscreen model with automatic routing—like the Garmin Montana 700—is a great option that can double as a driving GPS and for off-road travel.
Compared with smartphones, handheld GPS units are burlier, offer much better GPS satellite reception, provide more powerful navigation features, and deliver better battery life in cold climates. A few questions will help narrow your search for the perfect handheld. After you figure that out, you can start thinking about all the bells and whistles — i.e., features.
Apple has also included an SOS feature on all iPhone 14 and later models that lets you press an SOS button to connect with emergency services via satellite. This feature can be used with or without cellular or Wi-Fi coverage; however, it works best under open skies rather than in densely treed forests and canyon bottoms. This SOS feature, combined with a battery brick and a subscription to an app such as Gaia, CalTopo, etc., will likely make handheld GPS devices obsolete.
The eTrex 32x comes with pre-downloaded maps. This photo is a comparison between the Caltopo app and the basic Garmin map during an off-trail hike in Yosemite National Park. Credit: Trish Matheny
Conclusion
GPS units can be an essential backcountry tool for adventurers who prioritize off-grid navigation and communication; however, they are quite an investment. For most backcountry enthusiasts, a smartphone and a free mapping app can certainly get the job done, especially with newer smartphone technology that also provides a crucial SOS feature if something unexpected happens during your adventure. For those planning a multi-day backcountry trip (especially novices) guided primarily by a paper map and compass, scouting multiple complicated off-trail routes, or conducting long field surveys, a GPS unit can be incredibly helpful. If you are going that deep in your explorations, you might as well invest in the accuracy and battery life of a dedicated handheld GPS unit.
Our testing team hopes this review is helpful when purchasing a GPS device for your next backcountry adventure. Credit: Trish Matheny
